‘^he  cButeau  of  ^Widtiond, 


The  Record  of  Ten  Years 
of  Church  Progress  in  China 


By  the  Right  Revere^id 
FREDERICK  ROGERS  GRAVES,  D D. 
Bishop  of  Shanghai 


BISHOP  GRAVES 

Was  Consecrated  Bishop  of  Shanghai,  June  14th,  1893 


ST.  JOHN’S  PRO-CATHEDRAL,  SHANGHAI 

Forward  into  Light 

A Record  of  Ten  Years  of  Church  Progress  in  China 

BY  THE  RIGHT  REVEREND  FREDERICK  ROGERS  GRAVES,  D.D.,  BISHOP  OF  SHANGHAI 


The  Editor  has  asked  me  to  write 
a review  of  the  China  Mission 
for  the  ten  years  from  1893  to 
1903,  as  being  the  member  of 
the  mission  who  is  likely  to  know  the 
most  about  the  facts  concerning  both  the 
districts  and  the  work  that  has  been  done 
in  them. 

Some  Obstacles  to  Christian  Work 

Looking  back  along  the  years,  I am 
impressed  by  the  changes  in  this  time. 
China  in  1903  is  in  many  respects  a dif- 
ferent country  from  the  China  of  1893. 
The  period  of  change  began  with  the 
China-Japan  war  in  1894,  which  showed 
the  world  that  China  was  no  longer  a 
strong  empire  and  pricked  the  bubble  of 
her  military  reputation.  This  was  as 
much  of  a surprise  to  the  Chinese  them- 
selves as  it  was  to  most  of  the  world  out- 
side, and  there  followed  a spasmodic  at- 
tempt at  reform,  ill-conceived  and  ill- 
managed,  resulting  in  the  coup  d’etat  of 
1898,  which  took  all  power  out  of  the 
hands  of  the  Emperor  and  placed  it  in 
the  hands  of  the  Empress  Dowager. 
This  meant,  of  course,  a reactionary  pol- 
icy, and  the  control  of  the  empire  by  the 


ultra-conservative  party.  Xaturally,  mis- 
sionarj-  work  came  in  for  its  share  of 
dislike.  “No  progress”  was  the  motto  of 
the  men  in  power,  and,  as  missionary 
work  meant  new  ideas,  it  was  regarded 
with  jealousy  and  suspicion.  Then,  too, 
it  was  a work  which  was  promoted  by 
foreigners,  and  the  Chinese  Government 
had  its  own  reasons  for  distrusting  for- 
eign nations  at  this  time. 

After  the  war  with  Japan  the  policy 
of  Western  nations  toward  China  be- 
came more  aggressive.  In  various 
parts  of  the  country  territory  was  de- 
manded and  secured;  Wei-hai-wei  went 
to  England,  Kiao-chou  to  Germany, 
and  Port  Arthur  to  Russia.  The  Chinese 
were  thoroughly  irritated  and  alarmed, 
and  yet  they  were  unable  to  adopt  a 
^rong  policy  and  repel  aggression. 
Amongst  the  people  there  was  a mingled 
sense  of  dissatisfaction  with  the  Govern- 
ment and  of  hatred  toward  foreigners, 
which  finally  took  shape  in  the  Boxer 
movement.  Everybody  knows  how  the 
Empress  encouraged  this  movement  in 
the  hope  that  it  would  free  China  from 
foreign  control  and  drive  out  of  the 
country  every  man  of  Western  race.  The 


terrible  events  of  1900  followed  speedily. 
It  is  needless  to  tell  again  the  story  of 
the  sufferings  and  martyrdom  of  tho 
Christians  in  North  China.  So  thorough 
was  the  persecution  that,  when  it  ended, 
missionary  work  in  the  northern  half  of 
the  Empire  seemed  to  have  heen  an- 
nihilated. The  Christians  had  to  bear 
the  weight  of  the  Boxer  rising,  but,  when 
it  was  suppressed  hy  the  expedition 
which  foreign  nations  united  to  send, 
China  saw  that,  so  far  from  its  having 
freed  her  from  foreign  influence,  it  had 
only  been  the  means  of  forging  new  and 
stronger  chains  to  fetter  her.  The  coun- 
try was  in  different  places  in  the  oc- 
cupation of  foreign  troops,  and,  as  it  ap- 
pears now,  Manchuria,  the  fatherland  of 
the  reigning  dynasty,  has  been  lost  to 
China  and  passed  deflnitely  under  the 
control  of  Russia. 

One  thing  the  Boxer  movement 
certainly  did,  it  awakened  many  of 
the  thinking  men  of  China  to  the 
sense  that  a reform  in  head  and  mem- 
bers was  urgently"  needed  if  the  empire 
was  to  survive.  There  was  an  outcry  for 
reform,  hut  this  the  Manchu  rulers  were 
quick  to  repress,  and  while  many  see  only 
too  clearly  the  ultimate  fate  of  their 
country,  there  does  not  exist  any  man  or 


any  party  which  is  strong  enougn  to  stay 
the  fall  of  China.  She  seems  to  grow 
weaker  and  weaker,  and  to  he  utterly  un- 
able not  only  to  execute  any  reform,  but 
even  to  conceive  of  any  reasonable  plan 
to  help  herself  out  of  her  difflculties. 

Probably  these  ten  years  have  been  the 
most  momentous  and  critical  i)eriod  in 
the  history  of  China  since  the  Manchu 
conquest.  Events  have  moved  rapidly 
and  are  now  apparently  beyond  the  con- 
trol of  China.  The  strong  self-ruling 
empire,  reformed  and  free,  which  Amer- 
icans hoped  to  see  and  labored  to  es- 
tablish, has  apparently  vanished  from 
our  sight,  and  the  huge  mass  of  the  em- 
pire drifts  on  without  guidance  to  the 
end  which  is  already  in  sight,  control  by 
Western  nations  or  division  among 
them. 

So  far  as  missionary  work  is  concerned 
these  years  have  been  a time  of  difficulty, 
of  open  hostility  or  ill-concealed  opposi- 
tion. The  hatred  which  has  heen  felt  to 
foreigners  in  general  has  been  extended 
to  mission  work,  and  most  unjustly,  for, 
so  far  as  the  Protestant  missions  are  con- 
cerned, their  influence  has  been  exerted 
throughout  to  help  China  by  furnish- 
ing her  with  educated  and  honest  citi- 
zens. The  spirit  of  patriotism  and  loyal- 


ST.  PAUL'S  PRO-CATHEDKAL,  nAXKOW 


W 


N VriHDlZS 


Oim.INE  MAP  SnOWINO  THE  niSTKK'TS  OF  SHANGHAI  AND  HANKOW 


ty  has  been  always  inculcated  both  upon 
the  converts  at  large  and  upon  the 
scholars  in  the  educational  institutions. 
There  has  never  been  a more  loyal  body 
in  China  than  the  Chinese  Christians, 
and  when  the  Chinese  Government 
turned  against  them  it  turned  against 
its  truest  friends  and  most  patriotic  citi- 
zens. 

The  Coming  of  the  Light 

But,  in  spite  of  opposition  and  even  of 
persecution,  these  years  have  not  been 
without  advantages  for  the  work  of  mis- 
sions. The  old  sullen  inditference  has 
been  to  some  extent  broken  down,  and 


centuries.  It  is  true  that  the  old  Con- 
fucian  party  is  trying  to  revive  the  wor- 
ship of  Confucius  and  to  make  it  com- 
pulsory in  all  the  Government  schools 
and  colleges,  but  this  of  itself  shows  that 
they  see  that  the  supremacy  of  Confu- 
cianism is  threatened.  It  has  been  well 
pointed  out  lately  that  whereas  the  Gov- 
ernment has  to  pay  a salary  to  students 
to  get  them  to  attend  the  Government  in- 
stitutions for  Confucian  learning,  the 
schools  and  colleges  of  the  missionaries 
are  crowded  with  young  Chinese  who  are 
willing  to  pay  liberally  for  their  educa- 
tion out  of  their  own  pockets.  The 
centre  of  gravity  has  shifted,  and  it  is 


ST.  JOHN’S  COLLEGE  WITH  THE  STUDENTS  AT  DRESS  PARADE 


the  people  are  more  ready  to  hear  than 
they  used  to  be.  The  Chinese  have 
awakened  to  the  facts  of  the  outside 
world;  new  ideas  have  come  in  with  a 
rush ; and  there  has  sprung  up  in  con- 
sequence a demand  for  Western  educa- 
tion. which  grows  more  and  more  rapid- 
ly, and  which  the  missionary  schools  and 
colleges  have  been  able,  to  some  extent, 
to  meet  and  profit  by.  Most  significant 
sign  of  all,  the  Chinese  in  ever-growing 
numbers  are  coming  to  see  that  Confu- 
cianism cannot  meet  the  conditions  of 
the  modern  crisis,  and  are  turning  to  the 
“New  Light.”  A serious  breach  has  been 
made  in  the  walls  of  the  conservatism 
which  has  held  China  in  its  bonds  for 


only  a matter  of  time  when  the  change 
will  come  in  the  body  politic.  Thus,  if 
these  years  have  been  in  many  ways 
years  of  difiieulty  and  sometimes  of  fierce 
hostility,  they  have  been  at  the  same  time 
years  which  have  opened  new  doors  and 
created  new  opportunities.  Certainly 
there  has  never  been  a time  when  the 
Gospel  could  be  preached  so  freely,  or  has 
met  with  so  ready  an  acceptance;  when 
Christian  literature  circulated  so  widely, 
and  when  the  services  of  missionary 
schools  to  the  country  were  so  fully  ap- 
preciated as  they  are  to-day. 

An  End  and  a Beginning 

If  I were  required  to  sum  up  the  situa- 


tion  briefly,  I should  say  that  all  the 
signs  show  that  we  are  nearing  the  end 
of  the  period  in  which  Christianity  has 
had  to  struggle  for  a bare  foothold,  and 
has  been  obliged  to  devote  its  energies  to 
defence,  on  the  one  hand,  and  to  the  mak- 
ing of  a breach  in  the  walls  of  ignorance 
and  prejudice  on  the  other,  and  that  we 
are  at  the  beginning  of  a period  when 


ing  a brief  space  of  time,  but  ten  years  is 
long  enough  to  give  us  some  indication 
of  the  progress  we  are  making. 

To  begin  with,  I think  we  all  felt  in 
the  early  part  of  1893  somewhat  as  if  the 
Church  had  sent  us  out  here  and  then  for- 
gotten about  us.  Ours  was  a small  mis- 
sion. We  were  but  seven  foreign  clergy, 
and  only  five  of  us  had  been  in  the  field 


WHEKE  ST.  PETERS  CHURCH,  SIXZ.\,  WAS  BEGUN 


the  results  of  the  work  of  the  past  will 
be  largely  gathered  in.  The  past  has 
been  a time  of  sowing,  and  the  time  of 
the  harvest  is  at  hand. 

The  Forward  riovcment  in  the 
Church 

And  now  to  turn  to  the  work  of  the 
Church  and  to  sum  up  what  has  been  ac- 
complished during  this  period.  It  is  not 
always  easy  to  estimate  our  advance  dur- 


any  length  of  time.  There  were  four  mis- 
sionary physicians  and  three  lay-workers 
— a staff  of  fourteen  in  all.  We  had  had 
no  bishop  over  us  since  the  death  of 
Bishop  Boone  in  October,  1891.  We 
were  holding  but  three  points  where  the 
work  was  established  in  any  strength — 
Shanghai,  Hankow,  and  Wuchang.  The 
other  stations  were  small,  and  the  work 
of  little  extent.  None  of  our  mission- 
aries were  resident  at  any  places  but  the 


three  I have  named  above.  Our  mission 
house  in  Ichang  had  been  burned  in  a 
riot,  and  the  vork  there  was  at  a stand- 
still. Of  country  work,  owing  to  the 
smallness  of  our  force,  we  had  very  little ; 
only  the  beginnings  had  been  made.  St. 
John’s  College  was  a building  of  Chinese 
construction;  Boone  School  was  small, 
and  all  our  boarding  scholars  for  the 
whole  mission  were  but  203.  We  had 
been  doing  our  best  with  the  means  at 


have  visited  often  every  part  of  our  work 
along  the  one  thousand  mile  line  from 
Shanghai  to  Ichang,  and  it  is  with  a 
feeling  of  satisfaction  that  I can  answer 
that  no  small  progress  has  been  made.  It 
would  be  strange  indeed  if  the  Church 
had  had  a body  of  such  earnest  workers 
here  as  we  have  gradually  gathered  to- 
gether and  could  not  point  to  some  re- 
sult. I appreciate  more  and  more 
strongly  the  longer  I live  and  work  in 


ST.  PETER’S,  SINZA,  THE  CHURCH  WHICH  GREW  OUT  OF  THE  CHAPEL 

IX  THE  ALLEY 


our  disposal,  and,  I think,  good  founda- 
tions had  been  laid,  but  it  was  the  day 
of  small  things.  We  were  few  in  num- 
bers, we  were  scattered  widely,  and  we 
had  a greater  work  on  our  hands  than 
we  knew  how  to  do.  But  we  werehopefulof 
the  future,  we  believed  that  the  Church 
would  some  day  realize  her  opportunity 
and  come  to  our  aid.  So  we  kept  on 
praying  and  working,  no  matter  what  the 
odds  against  us. 

Ten  years  have  passed  since  then,  and 
the  editor  asks  me  to  tell  what  are  the 
conditions  to-day.  During  that  time  I 


China,  that  the  best  and  most  enduring 
results  are  those  which  cannot  be  meas- 
ured by  statistics.  But  this  outward 
progress  is  of  importance,  too,  and  at  any 
rate  it  is  the  only  measure  the  Church 
at  home  can  use  to  tell  whether  we  are 
doing  our  duty  here.  Perhaps  the  best 
thing  I can  do  will  be  to  contrast  the 
state  of  things  which  has  been  outlined 
above  with  the  present  condition  of  the 
mission. 

Then  and  Now 

We  had  no  bishop  in  charge  in  1893,  in 


SOME  VIEWS  FROM  THE  SHAXGHAI  DISTRICT 


A CORNER  OP  THE  BOVS’  SCHOOL  AT  THE  NEW  BISHOP  GRAVES  AN1>  GROUP  OF  NATIVE  CHRIS- 

STATION  IN  WUSIH  TIANS  AT  KIADING 

GRACE  CHAPEL  IN  SHANGHAI  NATIVE  CITY 

THE  CHAPEL  AT  THE  NEW  STATION  IN  SOOCHOW  THE  TWING  MEMORIAL  BUILIHNG  AT  ST.  MARV’S 

SCHOOL,  SHANGHAI,  NOW  BEING  ERECTED 
THROUGH  THE  GIFTS  OP  THE  WO.MAN'S  AI'X- 
ILIAP.V  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


SOME  VIEWS  FROM  THE  HAXKOW  DISTRICT 

THE  XOAXKTN’G  COMPOTVD,  SHOTVTXG  ST.  JAMES’S  HOSPITAL 
AT  THE  LEFT;  CHAPEL  IN*  CENTRE;  UESI1>EN*CE  AT  THE  RIGHT 

THE  NEW  ST.  JOHN’S  CHTUCH,  HANKOW 


A COrNTUV  CUA  PET.  AT  CUrRO 


THE  MISSION  HorSE  AT  ICHANG 
A WARD  IN  ST.  PETER’S  HOSPITAL,  WUCHANG 


THE  CHAPEL  AT  KIUKIAXG,  THE  NEW  AND  ONLY  STATION  IN  THE  PROVINCE  OF  KIANGSI 


the  first  lialf  of  the  year.  We  have  now 
two  bishops  and  two  missionaru  districts, 
and  the  work  in  either  of  these  two  dis- 
tricts is  stronsrer  than  the  whole  mission 
was  then.  We  were  workin.sr  in  three  of 
the  iirovinccs  of  China  then;  we  are 
working  in  five  provinees  now.  Our 
foreign  missionaries  were  resident  in 
three  cities  then;  they  are  resident 
in  eight  now.  Our  mission  staff 
consisted  then  of  seven  foreign  clergy 
and  seven  lay-workers;  it  has  now 
grown  to  two  bishops,  twenty-one  foreign 
clergy,  and  twenty-five  lay-workers.  We 
had  hut  few  baptized  Christians  in  ad- 
dition to  the  818  communicants  then; 
where  Ave  have  3.000  baptized  Christians 
and  1.309  communicants  now.  Our 
boarding  scholars  were  203  then;  they 
are  now,  and  they  would  be  more  if 
we  had  the  room.  These  are  some  of  the 
facts  which  lie  on  the  surface. 

Creating  a flission  Plant 

TajI;  us  look  at  them  a little  more  care- 
fully. And,  in  the  first  place,  lot  us  look 
at  the  material  side  of  things,  the  build- 
ings and  equipment  of  the  mission.  A 
mission  that  is  doing  things  in  a broad 
way  and  trying  to  accomplish  its  end  in 
the  varied  departments  of  church  Avork. 
evangelistic,  educational  and  medical 


Avork,  must  have  buildings  in  which  its 
Avork  may  be  carried  on,  churches, 
schools,  hospitals,  and  houses  for  the  mis- 
sionaries Avho  are  doing  the  work.  Bricks 
and  mortar  are  not  of  themseh’es  any  in- 
dication of  a successful  mission,  but 
if  there  is  a Avork  Avhich  corresponds  to 
them,  so  that  the  buildings  are  the  out- 
AA'ard  sign  of  a real  activity  and  the  in- 
struments by  AAdiich  work  is  carried  on, 
they  may  be  in  a true  sense  a sign  that 
the  mission  is  flourishing.  No  one  who 
saAv  the  mission  in  1893  Avould  recognize 
it  in  1903.  in  this  respect.  In  these  ten 
years  the  old  buildings  have  been  rebuilt 
or  enlarged,  and  many  neAV  buildings 
luiA-e  been  added.  This  part  of  the  work 
has  been  in  itself  no  small  task.  The 
ncAA’  buildings  are  all  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial character,  and  well  adapted  to 
the  uses  for  which  they  are  intended, 
and  they  allow  for  a large  and  growing 
AA’ork.  The  mere  list  of  these  buildings 
is  net  a short  one.  At  Shanghai  there  is 
St.  John’s  College  with  the  Science  Hall 
and  the  beginnings  of  another  hall  to 
complete  the  group  of  buildings;  the 
TAving  Memorial  Hall  at  St.  Mary’s 
School,  noAV  nearly  finished;  nine  new 
residences;  St.  Peter’s  Church,  Sinza; 
the  enlargement  of  St.  John’s  Pro-Cathe- 
dral; St.  Fdizabeth’s  Hospital  for  Women 


and  Children;  the  Training  School- for 
Women;  while  a new  Orphanage  and  a 
new  St.  Luke’s  Hospital  are  rising  from 
the  ground.  In  the  old  city  a new 
church  has  been  acquired  and  additional 
buildings  for  schools  and  meeting  rooms 
have  been  erected.  At  Soochow  and 
Wusih  land  has  been  bought  and  build- 
ing is  going  on. 

In  the  Missionary  District  of  Hankow 
there  has  been  like  progress.  A house 
has  been  built  at  Wuhu  and  a compound 
purchased,  where  sorely-needed  buildings 
are  to  be  erected  as  soon  as  the  Church 
will  give  the  money.  At  Nganking, 
farther  up  the  river,  we  had  not 
even  started  work  in  1S93,  while  now 


we  have  a hue  compound  and  a house,  a 
hospital,  a chapel  and  a school.  At 
Wuchang  the  Divinity -school  has  been 
built,  there  is  a new  Boone  School,  a new 
school  building  for  girls  at  St.  Hilda’s, 
St.  Peter’s  Hospital  and  the  house  for 
the  doctors,  with  smaller  buildings  at  St. 
Saviour’s,  St.  Mark’s  and  Fukai.  At 
Hankow  there  is  the  Bishop’s  house  and 
the  house  for  ladies.  St.  Bartholomew’s 
House  has  been  rebuilt  and  doubled  in 
size,  and  St.  John’s  and  St.  Peter’s 
churches  have  been  built  in  other  parts 
of  the  city.  At  Hanch’uan  there  has  been 
acquired  a house  and  chapel;  so,  too,  at 
Hsinti.  The  house  at  Ichang  has  been 
rebuilt  since  the  riot,  and  a lot  has  been 


THE  >IEX  OF  THE  NOAXKIXG  COXGREGATIOX 
THE  WOMEX  OF  THE  XGAXKIXG  COXGREGATIOX 


bought  and  a chapel,  school,  and  house 
for  the  Chinese  clergyman  built  upon  it. 
In  Shasi  the  mission  work  was  carried 
on  in  1893  in  a wretched  building  rented 
from  the  Chinese,  whereas  now  we  have 
a commodious  chapel,  a school,  and  a 
house  for  the  clergj-man.  The  mission 
now  owns  land  and  buildings  for 
chapels  and  other  purposes  in  Chiaowei, 
Houkang  and  Shayang,  stations  in  the 
country  back  of  Shasi.  At  Ruling  a 
sanatorium  has  been  built.  This  is  an 
extensive  list,  and  there  are  numerous 
smaller  items  of  building  which  do  not 
enter  into  it.  And  it  has  been  done  with 
very  little  expense  to  the  Board.  In  most 


cases  the  work  has  been  accomplished  by 
a special  gift  from  individuals  or  from 
the  Woman’s  Auxiliary,  or  has  been  done 
with  funds  belonging  to  the  mission  in 
China,  and  in  the  case  of  the  Boone 
School  and  St.  John’s  College  very  sub- 
stantial subscriptions  have  been  made  by 
the  Chinese  themselves. 

Evangelistic  Work 

To  pass  to  another  department — the 
church  and  evangelistic  work.  In 
Kiangsu  we  have  established  the  new 
parish  of  St.  Peter’s,  Sinza,  which  has 
become  the  centre  not  only  of  a large 
work  in  that  part  of  Shanghai,  but  also 


A MODERN’  RESIDENTE  IN’  THE  SHAXOHAI  MISSION’ 


has  an  extensive  out-station  work  de- 
pendent upon  it.  The  work  in  the  old 
city  has  been  revived  in  Grace  parish. 
Near  Shanghai  we  had  formerly  a num- 
ber of  small  stations  where  work  was  car- 
ried on.  Some  of  these  have  been 
dropped,  but  their  place  has  been  taken 
by  stations  in  larger  places  or  at  more 
central  points.  A marked  advance  has 
been  made  in  the  opening  of  stations  in 
the  large  cities  of  Soochow,  Wusih,  and 
Changchou  (Zangzok),  and  in  the  newer 


latest  venture  has  been  made  by  Bishop 
Ingle  in  establishing  a mission  in 
Changsha,  the  capital  of  Hunan.  The 
number  of  enquirers,  of  catechumens, 
and  of  the  baptized  has  been  growing 
steadily,  and  the  outlook  for  this  branch 
of  the  work  is  very  encouraging,  especial- 
ly in  the  up-river  district. 

riedical  Work 

The  medical  work  also  shows  marked 
increase.  The  new  hospitals,  St.  Peter’s, 


THE  REDEMPTION  OF  CHINESE  WOMANHOOD.  A GROUP  OF  ST.  MARY'S  HALL  GIRLS 

IN  THE  SCHOOL  GARDEN 


work  Started  by  Mr.  Eees  in  Woosung 
and  in  the  Sungkong  district. 

In  Nganhui  Province  evangelistic 
work  has  been  pushed  out  from  Wuhu  to 
Nanling  and  Fanchang,  and  the  strong 
station  at  Nganking  with  an  out-station 
dependent  on  it  also  marks  a solid  ad- 
vance. In  Kiangsi,  work  has  been  opened 
in  Kiukiang.  In  1893  the  outwork 
around  Hankow  had  but  lately  been 
started,  but  it  is  now  much  extended  and 
in  a most  flourishing  condition,  while 
further  up  the  river  a number  of  new 
stations  shows  increased  life,  and  Ichang 
is  stronger  than  it  has  ever  been.  The 


Wuchang;  St.  James’s,Nganking,  and  St. 
Elizabeth’s,  Shanghai,  with  the  building 
now  being  erected  at  Shanghai  for  St. 
Luke’s,  and  the  dispensary  work  which 
has  grown  at  St.  John’s  under  Dr.  Lin- 
coln, show  how  much  more  largely  we  are 
entering  upon  this  work  than  before. 
The  new  buildings,  the  larger  staff  of 
missionary  physicians  and  the  greater 
number  of  patients  treated  indicate  prog- 
ress of  the  most  gratifying  kind.  If  onr 
doctors  were  able  with  so  little  help  and 
with  an  equipment  so  much  smaller  to  do 
the  excellent  work  for  the  mission  which 
they  have  done  in  the  past,  what  may  we 


not  expect  from  the  future  of  this  work 
under  more  generous  conditions,  with 
room  to  work  in  and  suitable  buildings 
and  appliances.  Under  this  head  I ought 
also  to  mention  the  greater  elSciency  of 
the  Medical  School  since  its  reorganiza- 
tion, the  larger  number  of  missionary 
physicians  allowing  a greater  range  in 
studies,  and  the  more  thorough  and  ad- 
vanced English  course  at  St.  John’s  fur- 
nishing the  hospital  school  with  a better 
educated  class  of  medical  students  to  in- 
struct. 


ter  class  of  pupils  is  now  secured,  in- 
creased fees  have  made  the  institutions 
more  prosperous  and  independent.  We 
see  Boone  School  steadily  advancing  to 
become  the  college  for  the  Hankow  Dis- 
trict. There  are  new  institutions,  like 
the  Church  Training  School  for  Bible- 
women  in  Shanghai  or  the  Xormal 
School  for  Catechists  and  Teachers  in 
Hankow,  which  have  been  established  to 
train  workers  from  among  the  Chinese. 
And  lastly,  there  have  been  a revision 
and  reform  of  the  day-schools  throughout 


THE  REDEMPTION  OF  CHINESE  WOMANHOOD.  A MEETING  OP  THE  "WOMAN'S  Al’NILIAP-Y 

IN  SHANGHAI 


Educational  Work 

I have  already  mentioned,  under  the 
head  of  buildings,  the  enlargement  of  our 
chief  educational  institutions.  Along 
with  this  has  gone  a great  advance  in  the 
character  of  the  education  supplied, 
which  is  broader  and  more  thorough. 
This  has  been  made  possible  by  supply- 
ing a larger  staff  of  teachers  and  es- 
pecially by  allowing  them  to  devote  their 
time  and  energies  to  the  one  work  of 
education,  instead  of  having  half  a dozen 
other  occupations  in  addition,  as  we  were 
obliged  to  have  in  former  times  because 
the  mission  was  so  short-handed.  A bet- 


the  entire  mission,  by  which  the  work  of 
this  grade  is  greatly  improved. 

The  Work  among  Women 

The  work  for  Chinese  women  has  been 
greatly  developed.  Wliereas  we  had  the 
greatest  difficulty  a few  years  ago  in 
securing  a sufficient  number  of  women 
from  the  United  States  to  do  this  par- 
ticular work,  we  now  see  women  coming 
forward  in  increasing  numbers  to  carry 
on  this  most  important  department  of  the 
mission.  The  Woman’s  Auxiliary, 
founded  when  Mrs.  Twing  was  visiting 
China  in  1893.  has  grown  in  numbers  and 
usefulness.  The  last  annual  meeting. 


held  at  Shanghai  on  May  25th,  1903,  was 
very  largely  attended,  and  showed  both 
an  increase  in  the  amount  of  the  con- 
tributions and  a movement  amongst  the 
Chinese  Christian  women  to  bring  in 
their  sisters  to  the  Church. 

The  Training  of  Workers 

The  system  of  having  a definite  course 
with  examinations  for  the  study  of  the 
Chinese  language,  which  each  missionary 
must  pursue,  and  which  is  in  force 
throughout  the  mission,  has  resulted  in 
raising  the  efficiency  of  the  missionaries, 
both  as  regards  the  written  and  the 
spoken  language,  and  has  set  a standard 
which  is  of  the  greatest  value. 

The  unity  of  the  mission  has  been 
helped  by  the  biennial  conferences  which 
are  now  held  in  both  of  the  districts.  At 
these  meetings  the  policy  of  the  mission 
is  discussed,  plans  for  new  work  are  con- 
sidered, and  a general  knowledge  of  the 
work  of  the  mission  is  communicated  to 
the  missionaries.  The  devotional  meet- 
ings held  in  connection  with  the  con- 
ference have  proved  to  be  invaluable  in 
cementing  the  workers  into  one  body, 
animated  by  one  religious  spirit.  The 
regular  practice  of  mid-day  prayer  in 
common,  wherever  we  have  missionaries 
working  together,  has  been  of  great  value 
in  the  same  way. 

Literary  Work 

Literary  work  has  not  been  neglected. 
It  is  not  necessary  to  specify  the  many 
works  of  a religious  or  educational  kind 
which  have  been  put  forth  by  the  mem- 
bers of  the  mission  in  these  years,  but  the 
most  noticeable  things  are  the  translation 
of  a Church  Hymnal,  the  revision  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer  and  the  two 
new  translations,  in  Mandarin  and  in  the 
Shanghai  dialect,  which  have  been  is- 
sued, and  above  all  the  completion  of 
Bishop  Schereschewsky’s  monumental 
translation  of  the  Bible.  These  are  the 
chief  landmarks  in  this  department,  and 
the  most  likely  to  interest  people  at  home. 
The  literary  work  of  the  mission  has 
gone  on  side  by  side  with  the  other 
branches  and  now  we  send  our  books  to 
Hongkong,  and  Manila,  and  Honolulu, 


for  the  use  of  the  Church  in  those 
places,  in  addition  to  circulating  them  in 
the  Empire  of  China. 

The  Net  Gain 

This,  then,  seems  to  me  to  be  a fair 
account  of  the  state  of  the  mission  at  the 
end  of  these  ten  years.  A larger  force 
of  missionaries,  a better  outward  equip- 
ment, a more  complete  organization  into 
two  missionary  districts,  a wider  and 
more  thorough  work,  a , deeper  sense  of 
unity  amongst  the  missionaries,  and  a 
hopeful  outlook  for  the  future. 

And  to  what  are  we  to  attribute  these 
good  results?  First  of  all,  to  the  bless- 
ing of  God,  without  Whom  we  can  do 
nothing.  When  we  come  to  speak  of 
human  agencies  they  are  mainly  three: 
The  faithful  work  of  the  missionaries 
who  have  come  to  us  from  the  United 
States;  the  support  which  has  been 
steadily  given  by  the  Church  through  the 
Board  of  Managers;  and  (a  cause  which 
is  too  often  overlooked)  the  steady,  loyal 
work  of  the  Chinese  clergy,  catechists 
and  teachers,  through  whose  labors  the 
Church  is  brought  into  touch  with  the 
people,  and  without  whom  the  work  of  the 
foreign  missionaries  would  fail  to  effect 
any  great  result.  There  is  besides  these 
regular  and  steadily  working  causes 
something  to  which  we  have  more  than 
once  owed  the  opportunity  of  advance  or 
improvement,  I mean  the  liberal  gifts  of 
the  Woman’s  Auxiliary,  or  the  sums 
which  have  been  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  the  mission  by  generous  Christian 
men  and  women  at  home.  They  would 
not  wish  me  to  record  their  names  here, 
but  their  gifts  have  been,  and  will  be, 
the  means  of  conferring  untold  blessings 
on  thousands  in  this  land,  blessings  to 
body,  mind  and  soul. 

Believing,  as  we  all  do,  that  this  work 
is  God’s  and  that  in  doing  it  we  are  carry- 
ing out  His  will,  we  rejoice  over  all  these 
signs  of  advance  and  prosperity.  They 
mean  that  the  work  is  being  ac- 
complished, and  we  shall  all  pray 
that  in  the  years  to  come  there  may  be 
a larger  return  and  a more  rapid  in- 
crease, for  the  good  of  the  Church,  the 
salvation  of  souls  and  the  glory  of  God. 


w 

Some  Special  Needs  of  the  China  Mission 

TBE  SHANGHAI  DISTRICT 
!■  Eight  young,  unmarried  clergymen. 

2.  Two  young,  unmarried  physicians.  ; 

3.  Two  young  unmarried  laymen  as  teachers  in'  St.  John’s 

College,  Shanghai. 

4.  One  woman  physician. 

5.  Five  unmarried  women  missionaries. 

6.  A new  building  for  St.  Mary’s  Orphanage,  Shanghai,  to 

cost  .«3,600. 

7.  A new  dispensary  and  Sunday-school  building  at  Jess- 

field,  to  cost  1S1,300. 

THE  DISTRICT  OF  HANKOW 
1.  Five  young  unmarried  clergymen, 

3.  Six  young,  unmarried  physicians, 

3.  Two  young,  unmarried  laymen  as  teachers  in  Boone 

School, 

4.  Four  young  women  for  edncational  and  zenana  work. 

5.  A residence  for  women  missionaries  in  Wuchang,  to  cost 

#5,500. 

6.  A new  building  for  Boone  School,  Wuchang,  to  cost 

#13,000 

7.  A church  for  Nganking,  to  cost  #5,000. 

8.  An  addition  to  St.  James’s  Hospital,  Nganking,  to  cost 

#5,000. 

9.  A school  at  Hankow,  for  the  training  of  native  cate- 

chists, and  teachers,  to  cost  #3,000. 

10.  A church  and  dwelling  at  Kiukiang,  to  cost  #7  000. 

11.  Band  and  amission  house  at  Changsha,  to  cost  #5.000. 
13.  A hospital  and  a mission  house  in  Shasi,  to  cost  #7,000. 
13,  Band  and  a mission  house  in  Nanchang,  to  cost  .#5,000. 


pamphlet  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Corresponding 
Secretary,  281  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York,  by  calling  for  Pamphlet 
No.  224.  a a a a a a a 

D All  offerings  for  Missions 
should  be  sent  to  Mr.  George  C. 
Thomas,  Treasurer,  Church  Mis- 
sions House,  281  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York.  a a a a a g 

]|The  Domestic  and  For- 
eign Missionary  Society 
OF  THE  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the 
United  States,  281  Fourth 
Avenue,  New  YORK,  a a g 


